Surviving in a Flat World

The other day I had a problem with my laptop. It was after office hours. I dialed the company’s IT helpdesk number and a man with a foreign accent answered the call at the other end. He asked me a few basic computer questions, requested me to do a few simple steps and within seconds he took control of my computer screen. He copied files onto my laptop, deleted old ones and replaced them with new ones. About 15 minutes later, the problem was fixed and I was back at work again. Well, nothing so unusual about that except that I was sitting comfortably in my office in Kuala Lumpur and he was controlling my cursor from Bangalore, India!

It turns out that, as a global company constantly looking for the cheapest way of doing things, the company I work for has outsourced some of the operations which used to be done here in Kuala Lumpur to India. For IT support, during normal office hours calls are directed to Cyberjaya but after hours calls are transferred to other call centres around the globe. When I want to invoice customers for completed work I just need to send an e-mail to instruct the accounts team in Chennai, India to prepare an invoice. They will process the invoice, print out a hardcopy in Chennai, courier it out via DHL to the customer, even though the customer office happens to be only 3 floors below my office here in Kuala Lumpur. Now you may think it does not make sense to have the invoice issued out from another continent when the recipient sits in the same building as you. And perhaps you are wondering why I’m telling you this story and what lessons can we learn from all this? The answer is in the word “globalisation”.

In an interconnected world where business is conducted at the speed of light there is no guarantee that we will keep our job. Millions of qualified people in India, China and other emerging economies are eager and willing to take our job if we do not equip ourselves with specialized skills that differentiate us from them. Already they can do the same job much cheaper. Any job that can be digitized and discretised into packets of data can be sent over a broadband cable to find the cheapest place where it can be done. Transfer of data is virtually free. As an economy which has been growing steadily since the early 80s, we are no longer a country with cheap labour. We must realize this and we have to prepare our people to move up quickly on the technological ladder. Otherwise, we’ll lose out to them just like we lost to China, Vietnam or Laos in manufacturing.

Thomas Friedman in his book “The World is Flat” wrote about the emergence of countries like India and China and the forces that enabled them to compete with industrialised countries like the US and Europe. These forces, which he calls flatteners, feed the next stage of globalisation or Globalisation 3.0. He observes that while Globalisation 1.0 turns big into medium, and Globalisation 2.0 turns the medium into small, the third stage of globalization is turning the small into tiny. And unlike the first and second stages where the forces rested with countries and companies, it is now driven by individuals. What this means is that, with the IT and Internet revolution, millions of people are now able to work and collaborate with other people sitting half a world away and produce results which are far better than the sum of each of them working alone. Work is no longer confined by distance or geographical boundaries. A Malaysian company cheque for a customer here in Malaysia, may be prepared in the Philippines. An American secondary school kid’s homework may be checked by his tutor in India; or perhaps in future your house sales and purchase agreement will be prepared by a lawyer in Eastern Europe whom you never meet. The bottom line is if you have the necessary skills and can offer the cheapest service, you can be in any corner of the world, yet will still be able to perform jobs for customers from half a world away.

Friedman’s book is aimed at his fellow Americans whom he thinks have been sleeping while the rest of the world is stealing their jobs. He was referring to the waves of outsourcing and offshoring jobs that went to India and China because of much cheaper labour costs in the two countries. What he says in his book sometimes can be a bit of an exaggeration but he has made a loud wake-up call for Americans to realise that the rest of the world is catching up while they are losing their competitiveness. There are lessons for us too. Malaysians, especially the Bumiputras and Umnoputras, should wake up as well and realise that the big wave called globalisation is affecting us all. We cannot live in a protected environment forever. The rest of the world is preparing themselves with boats and ships to ride out the storm. We have not even started learning how to swim because we are scared of water. In a flat world, the faster we hit the water, the better are our chances of survival.

Ulasan Buku: Tuhan Manusia – Faisal Tehrani (2007)

Novel ini adalah novel yang bukan novel. Kenapa saya berkata begitu? Sebenarnya novel ini adalah sebuah perbincangan tentang agama dan kelahiran golongan liberal di kalangan penganut Islam. Ia hanya diolah menjadi novel dengan menyelitkan sedikit kisah dan watak-watak supaya menjadi sebuah cerita. Namun lebih 90 peratus isinya adalah fakta-fakta agama, sejarah, falsafah dan ayat-ayat suci al-Quran dan Hadis. Jika tiada diselang-selikan dengan cerita, watak dan dialog, ia akan menjadi hambar dan mungkin tidak ramai yang akan membacanya.

Novel ini menyelam dalam ke lubuk masalah yang menimpa sebahagian umat Islam terpelajar di Malaysia di mana mereka lebih cenderung kepada ajaran yang dilabelkan sebagai Islam liberal. Golongan ini adalah golongan yang terdidik dengan asuhan dan pandangan yang mengatakan bahawa semua agama adalah benar dan Islam hanyalah salah satu daripadanya. Watak utama novel ini dijelmakan dalam diri Ali Taqi, seorang remaja Islam yang pintar dan amat sedar dengan masalah Islam liberal kerana abangnya sendiri, Talha menjadi murtad selepas dipengaruhi Encik Aris, seorang intelek yang memperjuangkan Islam liberal. Bapa Ali, Mohamad menjadi seorang pendiam akibat teramat sedih setelah anaknya sendiri murtad. Watak Talha tidak banyak diceritakan, malah disentuh sedikit sahaja. Talha hanya wujud dalam dialog Ali Taqi dan watak-watak lain di dalam novel ini.

Kisah berkisar sekitar perbincangan intelektual Ali Taqi dan kawan-kawan sekolahnya tentang Islam, sejarahnya, falsafah dan hubungannya dengan agama lain. Keseluruhan dialog mereka adalah selang-seli antara ayat al-Quran dan kupasannya serta fakta-fakta sejarah Islam yang diolah lancar dalam perbualan dan perdebatan yang dipaparkan di dalam cerita ini. Cerita ini juga mengemukakan watak Andrew Tse, kawan karib sekampung Ali Taqi yang akhirnya memeluk Islam kerana terpesona dengan keindahannya.

Walaupun watak utama ialah seorang remaja namun soal cinta remaja disentuh sedikit sahaja. Zehra, anak intelektual Islam liberal Encik Aris, jatuh hati dengan Ali Taqi. Mereka selalu berbahas dan berbincang tentang Islam liberal di dalam pertemuan mereka. Zehra banyak mengajukan soalan seakan menguji pengetahuan dan hujah-hujah Ali Taqi yang mengganggap Islam liberal adalah suatu barah yang merosakkan umat Islam. Hubungan mereka tidak mekar kerana Ali Taqi tidak boleh menerima orang yang menganut Islam liberal. Kesudahannya berakhir dengan mereka menuju laluan hidup yang berbeza; Ali Taqi kemudiannya menjadi professor ilmu Islam dan falsafah dan watak Zehra tidak diceritakan dengan jelas laluan hidupnya.

Buku ini sarat dengan kupasan ayat al-Quran, hadis, sejarah Islam dan pertentangan dengan dunia Barat. Ia ditulis pada tahun 2007 di mana isu murtad dan penghakiman Lina Joy diperkatakan dengan hebat di laman-laman perbincangan Internet. Saya berpendapat, watak Encik Aris dan Talha mewakili golongan cendikiawan Muslim yang membela Lina Joy, IFC dan isu-isu sepertinya manakala watak Ali Taqi adalah mewakili sebahagian besar Muslim yang berada di pihak yang menentang. Novel ini mengambil persamaan dari apa yang berlaku di dalam hubungan Muslim dan non-Muslim di Malaysia. Ia berhujah membela pihak yang menganggap Islam liberal adalah ancaman kepada keharmonian umat Islam di Malaysia. Sebagai seorang yang berpendidikan bidang syariah Islam, Faisal Tehrani sememangnya dididik dengan pandangan sedemikian.

1 Jun 2008.

Book Review: Freakonomics - Steven Levitt & Stephen Dubner

This is yet another exceedingly popular book by economists for the layman that has sold 3 million copies worldwide (up to 2007). This book actually came out before The Undercover Economist. It is co-authored by Steven Levitt, a University of Chicago economics professor, and Stephen Debnur, a writer for The New York Times. The book does not have one single theme and its chapters are independent of one another, so for people like me who like to flip books or magazines from the back, it’s a blessing. I can read the chapters in any order I like and each one offer its own story. Levitt’s research into obscure subjects proves in most cases that conventional wisdom is not always correct and the so-called experts are as guilty as politicians to say things that serve their own self-interest.

His research into everyday issues includes topics such as the effects of legalising abortion on crime rate in America, how teachers in some schools in Chicago cheat in their students’ exam to boost up their own rating and match fixing among Sumo wrestlers in Japan. He also asks why most drug dealers live with their mothers and probes how much your name is connected with your success in life. Although political correctness does not allow people to admit the positive effects of abortion on reducing crime rate, the authors have shown that by terminating unwanted pregnancies, future crime will be reduced. Babies born from these unwanted pregnancies are poorly raised and are likely to become criminals when they reach their teenage years. By cutting off a major supply of potential criminals (killing them before birth), crime rates can be brought down within two decades. Controversial it surely is, but that is what the data shows. And he can say it because he is a researcher, not a politician.

Crime rates and drug dealers go hand in hand. Drawing from a student’s research into the world of crack, the book discusses elaborate corporate-like structure within the hierarchy of drug dealers’ organisation. While those at the top enjoy great rewards, those at the lower rungs can barely pay for their own apartments, hence forcing most of them to live with their mothers. The book also shows trends in babies’ names and their correlation with level of mother’s education. Less successful communities (African-American in US) tend to imitate and adopt names from more successful ethnic groups (White American). Here in Malaysia, for reasons still a mystery to me, many in the Chinese community adopt Christian names even though they are not Christians. Could it be that the names sound more modern, Western and more cultured? It does not quite catch on in the Malay community though because it’s our belief that a good name should have good Arabic meaning. Hence the trend from our forefathers’ time with names like Bulat, Hitam, Kenit, Minah and Timah gave way to Aiman, Danial or Fathihah as the level of education of the Malays improves.

The findings of the studies are mainly from the US and may not apply here. I wish these were replicated here by our own geniuses to suit our own local problems. Alas, we simply do not have enough money to sponsor such things, nor do we have enough supply of freaks like Levitt to crack their head on solving such seemingly useless problems. We are more likely to spend our money on how high tech stuff like brewing teh tarik at zero gravity or flipping roti canai at 350 km above the Earth than looking into such mundane matters.

Book Review: "The Undercover Economist" - Tim Harford

I rented this book from Quereazant, a book rental store in Bandar Baru Bangi. It was on non-fiction best seller’s list for quite some time. The author, Tim Harford is a young thirty-something British economist who works for Financial Times and as a presenter for the BBC. He has since come up with another economics-for-layman book called The Logic of Life which is currently on best seller’s list in major book stores. You can listen to his radio show More or Less which is downloadable free as podcast from the BBC Radio 4 website.

In Undercover Economist, he looks into everyday phenomena and tries to explain them in terms of economics. According to many, economics is a dismal science but he puts it in such a language that even laymen can understand and relate it with everyday choices that we make.

The one subject that always crops up in his discussions is coffee. I would say this is a clear influence of American culture infiltrating into British life as the British are usually identified with tea! Take coffee and capitalism on the left hand side of the equation and you get inflated prices plus enormous profits on the right hand side. In economics parlance, you may call the equation the Starbucks equation. There are numerous auxiliary equations which Starbucks itself would not like you to know. These include exploitation and price manipulation on one side and Third World countries plus poverty on the other. You can name this equation Capitalism if you like. I am digressing a bit here because as an economist working for FT, a Scripture of Capitalism itself, Tim Harford would not be allowed to venture into this sort of socialist rubbish. But as an economist and heavy coffee drinker (which I imply because he’s so obsessed talking about coffee) he does explain why in a busy London train station, with hundred of thousands of commuters rushing to step into the office before their boss does, there is only one coffee shop with long queues, charging premium price for a caffeine shot. It seems to run counter to conventional economics theory that there should be many more coffee outlets trying to sell coffee when there is obviously a pressing need for more coffee shops (supply) in the face of so much demand (caffeine addicted commuters). He calls it the power of scarcity – the ability of that one coffee outlet to charge high premium due to unavailability of competition.

Of course he does not just talk about coffee. Economics is not just about that black stuff that people put into their mouth while they start reading e-mails in the morning. He also talks about big things like the mind-boggling pace of development in China and why Third World countries like Cameroon remains stagnant. While economics gives choices to millions of people in China to lead the life they want to lead, corruption is identified as the single biggest problem that is plaguing poor countries like Cameroon to lift themselves out of poverty.

His book has been very popular. He has surprised even himself in selling more than 600,000 copies so far. His initial estimate was that he would be satisfied if the sales figure reached 7,000 copies. With his talents of looking at why people make certain choices and not the other, perhaps in his next book, he can give an analysis of why people choose to spend their money on his book and not others. Or perhaps, why people like me, just choose to rent rather than buy.

Book Review: "I am Muslim" by Dina Zaman

I like reading slim books that I can finish before I lose interest in it. And this 236-page book fits well with the definition of a slim book. It’s been on the local non-fiction best seller list for quite a while. The author is a well known writer on the news website Malaysiakini.com. The book is not exactly a continuous story but instead a collection of previous writings by the author which have been rearranged under different chapters with different themes. It is obvious from the writings that the author is a liberal muslim. She was educated in the UK and had been to many places around the world as she followed her diplomat father but somehow could still relate with her hometown in Terengganu. I think her upbringing inevitably shaped her worldview and liberal interpretation of Islam. Generally, people tend to be more liberal when they mix with people of various cultures.

She writes on various dilemmas faced by modern urban muslims trying to fit in with modern secular life. As a journalist she is not afraid to spend time in a different community in order to find out about their belief and practices. She has been able to juggle her seemingly contradictory lives pretty well. She spent a month with a zikir group in Indonesia (Nursyifa) to purify her soul, hung out with gay friends in KL and talked openly about it, consulted her local ustaz on religious matters and, being Malay, also sought the help of a shaman (bomoh). There are also pieces about her struggle to grasp the meaning of life after her divorce.

If you are looking for guidance on Islamic law or way of life, this book is definitely not a source. It is just a Muslim woman’s personal experience of seeing Islam through her own Western-educated liberal thinking and trying to make sense of the society in which she lives.

"I am Muslim" is published by Silverfishbooks and priced at RM30.00

Kajang
23 June 2007

Book Review: “The Diarist” by (Tan Sri) Abdullah Ahmad

Another book that is in my travelling bag these days is a political diary by Tan Sri Abdullah Ahmad “The Diarist”. He is a veteran journalist and was Editor-in-Chief of NST before he was sacked in November 2003. His book is slim (120 pages) but packed with anecdotes and witty comments about Malaysian politicians and politics in general. He is very secular and very much anti-American as he is anti-Pas. I sometimes wonder how he can reconcile both extremes. As a politician he has tasted the sweetness of power as an UMNO Supreme Council member as well as the bitterness of the lack of it after five years under ISA detention in Kamunting from 1976 to 1981. He is a Cambridge-Harvard educated “old guard” of post-Merdeka Malaysian politics who served under three PMs.

His job as NST Editor-in-Chief took him to various places interviewing prominent politicians, covering VIP visits or simply playing golf with his golfer buddies. He was MP for Kok Lanas, Kelantan and a Deputy Minister at one time. But, alas, in Malaysian politics and business, what another former Editor-in-Chief of a Malaysian daily (Datuk Johan Jaafar) once said prove to be right. Speaking from his own experience after he was axed following the sacking of Anwar, JJ observed that in Malaysia one whole generation of Malay businessmen would be replaced when a new UMNO leader came to power. The NST diarist was unceremoniously dismissed from his paper in 2003 soon after Pak Lah was made PM. Obviously, he was not one of Pak Lah’s favourite editors. Without a full time job, perhaps he can concentrate on writing his memoir. I notice, unlike politicians in the UK or US, not many of our retired politicians engage in writing about their experiences for future generation of leaders to learn. It would be a waste if their wealth of experience followed them to the grave.

p/s: Have yet to read LKY’s “The Singapore Story” and still waiting for our Tun Dr M to sit at home and write his memoir rather than trading insults with the current PM.

Kajang
7-10-2006

Book Review: Goerge Soros - "The bubble of American Supremacy ..."

I bought this book at a discount price on a business trip to the City of Miri, Sarawak (actually I don’t think this place qualifies as a city at all, but that’s another story).

Goerge Soros is a student of Karl Popper, the famous philosopher of Science, so his writing is very much philosophical as it is political. He made a lot of money from currency speculation (once he speculated on the British pound and made 1 billion pound profits in one day! He's eventually known as the man who broke the Bank of England). He sees opportunities in movement of currency exchange and deals with it to gain profits. Some would say he is a modern day robber – may be a Robin Hood in reverse, as in the case of Asian monetary crisis he robbed from the poor (us) and gave it to the rich (them). But he's not regarded as a criminal because, I guess, he's not gone against any international law.

He wrote "the bubble of American Supremacy ..." just before the 2004 American election in order to persuade American people not to vote for Bush. He's very much anti-Bush, anti-neo-cons and anti-War. He supports the Democrats. He says in his book that the Iraq war had been planned by the neo-cons since 1997 when a group of neo-cons urged the then President Clinton to increase American military spending. In effect, these neo-conswere pushing for the president to exercise American military might to maintain American Supremacy ("Project for New American Century"). He's saying if these neo-cons are able to control America and the world by influencing Mr Bush's decision, American image to the world will be hurt. He agrees that the US should exercise leadership in the world but that it should not adopt a heavy-handed approach. America will be more respected by showing leadership through diplomacy than military action. Unfortunately, as we all know, Mr Bush got re-elected and he's going to carry out the neo-cons plans to attack Muslim contries with huge oil resources whose leaders are not yet undertheir control. Only history will tell whether the American Empire, based upon coercion and military force will rule the world, or like empires before it, will crumble into the dustbin of history.

So that's the gist of it. I am sure many have heard/read about this before. The Malaysian press is not really fond of him after he broke the Bank Negara in 1997 sending this country and the region into a regional financial, and later political crisis. Mahathir wrote a very fiery book on the 1997 crisis and hurled a lot of bad accusations against him.Surprisingly, he only had one sentence reference to the man who had called him a moron. He called him a repressive ruler.

23/9/2004